ARE CALCIUM SILICATE SEALERS LESS CYTOTOXIC AND GENOTOXIC THAN EPOXY RESIN SEALERS? A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF IN VITRO STUDIES

Aims: This systematic review aimed to evaluate whether calcium silicate-based sealers are less cytotoxicity and genotoxicity than epoxy resin-based sealers. Materials and Methods: Systematic searches were conducted for studies published up to September 27th, 2022, without restriction for language or year of publication, in the following databases: MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Grey Literature Report. Only in vitrostudies that evaluated the cytotoxicity or genotoxicity of calcium silicate and epoxy resin-based sealers were included. The quality assessment was performed. Results: After duplicate removal and eligibility criteria assessment, a total of thirty-four studies were included. Twenty-eight studies had a low risk of bias, and six studies had amoderate risk of bias. In general, calcium silicate-based sealers had a lower cytotoxic and genotoxic potential than epoxy-resin based sealers.Conclusions: Based on the findings from in vitrostudies, calcium silicate-based sealers are less cytotoxic andgenotoxic than epoxy resin-based sealers

POSTOPERATIVE PAIN INCIDENCE AND INTENSITY FOLLOWING ROOT CANAL OBTURATION WITH BIOCERAMIC AND OTHER SEALERS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW WITH META-ANALYSIS

Aims: To investigate whether bioceramicsealers induce a lower incidence and intensity of postoperative pain compared to other sealers. Materials and Methods: Six electronic databases were searched for studies published up to April 2022, following the PICOS strategy: (P) adult patients undergoing root canal treatment or retreatment; (I) root canal filling using bioceramic sealer; (C) root canal filling using other types of sealers; (O) Primary: postoperative pain incidence and/or intensity; Secondary: number of medication intake; (S) randomizedclinical trials. Risk of bias assessment was performed with the revised Cochrane risk of bias tools for randomized trials (RoB 2). Overall certainty of evidence was assessed through the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) tool. Results: Ten studies were included. Eight studies had a low risk of bias, and two had some concerns risk. Meta-analyses showed no differences regarding postoperative pain intensity and incidence between bioceramic sealers and AH Plus. Number of medication intake seemed to be associated to the preoperative diagnosis. Zinc oxide-eugenol sealer demonstrated an intense postoperative pain compared to bioceramic sealers and AH Plus. GRADE analysis showed a low certainty of evidence for all outcomes. Conclusions: There seem to be no differences between bioceramic sealers and AH Plus regarding postoperative pain intensity and incidence. Number of medication intake seem to be associated to the preoperative diagnosis. Zinc oxide-eugenol evoked a more pronounced postoperative pain.

The effects of heating on the physicochemical properties of tricalcium silicate root canal sealers

Abstract This study evaluated the effect of heating on the physicochemical properties and surface changes of tricalcium silicate sealers. Three tricalcium silicate root canal sealers (Bio-C Sealer, BioRoot-RCS, EndoSequence BC Sealer), and one epoxy resin-based sealer (AH Plus; control) were tested. The effect of heating on setting time (ST) and flowability were assessed according to ANSI/ADA 57 and ISO 6876 standards. Solubility and dimensional change (DC) of the set sealers were evaluated at 24 hours and after 30 days; the pH of the water used in the DC testing was also measured. Tests were repeated with heated sealers in an oven at 100 °C for 1 min. SEM and EDS analysis were performed. Data were analyzed using One-Way ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc tests (α=5%). Heating decreased the ST for AH Plus and EndoSequence (p<0.05). Heating reduced flowability (p<0.05) and increased pH for AH Plus (p<0.05). The solubility of Bio-C (dried specimens) was not in accordance with the ANSI/ADA standard. The solubility of EndoSequence was significantly higher (p<0.05) when it was heated and dried after 30 days. DC of Bio-C (24 h and 30 days), BioRoot-RCS (30 days) and AH Plus (24 h and 30 days) were not in accordance with the standards. SEM and EDS analysis showed significant changes in sealer microstructure after heating. In conclusion, heating decreased the ST and increased the solubility of EndoSequence BC sealer. No significant changes in flowability, DC, and pH were identified for all three tricalcium silicate sealers after heat application. However, all sealers had significant surface changes.

Resumo Este estudo avaliou o efeito do aquecimento nas propriedades físico-químicas e nas alterações superficiais de cimentos de silicato tricálcico. Três cimentos endodônticos de silicato tricálcico (Bio-C Sealer, BioRoot-RCS, EndoSequence BC Sealer) e um cimento à base de resina epóxi (AH Plus) foram testados para avaliar o efeito do aquecimento no tempo de presa (TP) e escoamento de acordo com as normas ANSI/ADA 57 e ISO 6876. A solubilidade e alteração dimensional (AD) dos cimentos foram avaliadas após 24 horas e 30 dias. O pH da água usada no teste de AD também foi medido. Os testes foram repetidos com cimentos aquecidos em um forno a 100 °C por 1 min. Análises em MEV e EDS foram realizadas. Os dados foram analisados pelos testes de ANOVA-1 via e post hoc de Tukey (α=5%). O aquecimento diminuiu o TP para AH Plus e EndoSequence (p<0,05). O aquecimento reduziu o escoamento (p<0,05) e aumentou o pH do AH Plus (p<0,05). A solubilidade do Bio-C (amostras desidratadas) não estava de acordo com o padrão ANSI/ADA. A solubilidade da EndoSequence foi significativamente maior (p<0,05) quando aquecida e desidratada após 30 dias. As AD de Bio-C (24 h e 30 dias), BioRoot-RCS (30 dias) e AH Plus (24 h e 30 dias) não estavam de acordo com as normas ADA e ISO. A análise em MEV e EDS mostrou alterações significativas na estrutura dos cimentos após aquecimento. Em conclusão, o aquecimento diminuiu o TP e aumentou a solubilidade do cimento EndoSequence BC. Não foram identificadas mudanças significativas no escoamento, AD e pH para os cimentos de silicato tricálcico após aquecimento. Porém, todos os cimentos tiveram alterações significativas na superfície.

Elaboración de modelos dentales didácticos en resina epóxica / Elaboration of didactic dental models in epoxy resin

Los modelos de estudio son un registro fundamental para el diagnóstico, el plan de tratamiento, la presentación de caso y la evaluación del progreso del tratamiento dental; son registros anatomofisiológicos de las arcadas dentarias que sirven para evaluar la dentición en los tres planos del espacio y la oclusión en la relación cúspide-fosa, en una dimensión estática y dinámica. Para obtener los modelos de estudio es imprescindible obtener impresiones totales con diversos materiales de impresión de los arcos dentarios, que reproduzcan fielmente todos los detalles anatómicos, para posteriormente obtener un modelo en yeso piedra. Los modelos obtenidos a partir de una impresión generalmente son a base de yeso odontológico, los cuales a pesar de sus mejoras aún conservan algunas características negativas como: baja resistencia a la fractura por impacto, baja resistencia al desgaste por abrasión, inestabilidad dimensional y radiopacidad que impide la simulación de procedimientos endodóncicos. Con la finalidad de mejorar la simulación en la práctica odontológica, se usa la resina epóxica que puede emplearse en la obtención de modelos, este material es más resistente y presenta una mayor resistencia a la abrasión; además es radiolúcido, por lo que es útil para la réplica de preparaciones y procedimientos de simulación endodóntica. Los detalles de la superficie obtenidos con resina epóxica son superiores a los obtenidos con yeso. El uso de simuladores es una herramienta educativa con la que se favorece la adquisición de ciertas habilidades, destrezas, técnicas y competencias necesarias para la formación de estudiantes o profesionales de odontología. En el presente trabajo se describe la técnica para la elaboración de modelos dentales didácticos en resina epóxica para utilizarlos en la enseñanza de la práctica odontológica (AU)

Study studies are a fundamental record for diagnosis, treatment plan, case presentation and evaluation of the progress of dental treatment. They are anatomo-physiological records of the dental arches to evaluate the dentition in the three planes of space and the occlusion in the cusp-fossa relationships, in a static and dynamic dimension. To obtain the study models, it is essential to obtain total impressions with various impression materials of the dental arches, which faithfully reproduce all the anatomical details, in order to later obtain a stone plaster model. Those obtained from an impression are generally based on dental plaster, which despite its improvements still retain some negative characteristics such as: low resistance to fracture by impact, low resistance to wear by abrasion, dimensional instability and radio opacity that prevents the simulation of endodontic procedures. In order to improve simulation in dental practice, the use of epoxy resin can be used to obtain models, this material is more resistant and has greater resistance to abrasion, it is radiolucent, which makes them Useful for replicating preparations and endodontic simulation procedures, the surface details obtained with epoxy resin are superior to those obtained with plaster. The use of simulators is an educational tool that favors the acquisition of certain abilities, skills, techniques and competencies necessary for the training of the student or professional in dentistry. In the present work, the technique for the elaboration of didactic dental models in epoxy resin to be used in the teaching of dental practice is described.(AU)

Effects of thermal cycling on bonding properties of novel low-shrinkage resin adhesive / 华西口腔医学杂志

OBJECTIVES@#The current study aimed to investigate the bonding properties of a novel low-shrinkage resin adhesive containing expanding monomer and epoxy resin monomer after thermal cycling aging treatment.@*METHODS@#Expanding monomer of 3,9-diethyl-3,9-dimethylol-1,5,7,11-tetraoxaspiro-[5,5] undecane (DDTU) as an anti-shrinkage additive and unsaturated epoxy monomer of diallyl bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (DBDE) as a coupling agent were synthesized. A blend of DDTU and DBDE at a mass ratio of 1∶1, referred to as "UE", was added into the resin matrix at the mass fraction of 20% to prepare a novel low-shrinkage resin adhesive.Then, the methacrylate resin adhesive without UE was used as the blank control group, and a commercial resin adhesive system was selected as the commercial control group. Moreover, the resin-dentin bonding and micro-leakage testing specimens were prepared for the thermal cycling aging treatment. The bonding strength was tested, the fracture modes were calculated, the bonding fracture surface was observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM), and the dye penetration was used to evaluate the tooth-restoration marginal interface micro-leakage. All the data were analyzed statistically.@*RESULTS@#After aging, the dentin bonding strength of the experimental group was (19.20±1.03) MPa without a significant decrease (P>0.05), that of the blank control group was (11.22±1.48) MPa with a significant decrease (P<0.05) and that of the commercial control group was (19.16±1.68) MPa without a significant decrease (P>0.05). The interface fracture was observed as the main fracture mode in each group after thermal cycling by SEM. The fractured bonding surfaces of the experimental group often occurred on the top of the hybrid layer, whereas those of the blank and commercial control groups mostly occurred on the bottom of the hybrid layer. Micro-leakage rating counts of specimens before and after thermal cycling were as follows: the experimental group was primarily 0 grade, thereby indicating that a relatively ideal marginal sealing effect could be achieved (P>0.05); meanwhile, the blank control group was primarily 1 grade, and the penetration depth of dye significantly increased after thermal cycling (P<0.05); the commercial control group was primarily 0 grade without statistical difference before and after thermal cycling (P>0.05), while a significant difference was observed between the commercial control group and experimental group after thermal cycling (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#The novel low-shrinkage resin adhesive containing 20%UE exhibited excellent bonding properties even after thermal cycling aging treatment, thereby showing a promising prospect for dental application.

Epoxy-α-lapachone(2,2-Dimethyl-3,4-dihydro-spiro[2H-naphtho[2,3-b]pyran-10,2′-oxirane]-5(10H)-one): a promising molecule to control infections caused by protozoan parasites

ABSTRACT Natural products and their derivatives have been sources of search and research for new drugs for the treatment of neglected diseases. Naphthoquinones, a special group of quinones, are products of natural metabolites with a wide spectrum of biological activities and represent a group of interesting molecules for new therapeutic propositions. Among these compounds, lapachol stands out as a molecule from the heartwood of Tabebuia sp. whose structural changes resulted in compounds considered promising, such as epoxy-a-lapachone (ELAP). The biological activity of ELAP has been demonstrated, so far, for parasitic protozoa such as Leishmania spp., Trypanosoma cruzi and Plasmodium spp., species causing diseases needing new drug development and adequate health policy. This work gathers in vitro and in vivo studies on these parasites, as well as the toxicity profile, and the probable mechanisms of action elucidated until then. The potential of ELAP-based technology alternatives for a further drug is discussed here.

Efecto citotóxico de diterpenos derivados del ácido ent-kaureno aislados de Coespeletia moritziana (Sch. Bip. ex Wedd.) Cuatrec / Cytotoxic effect of ent-kaurene acid-derived diterpenes isolated from Coespeletia moritziana (Sch. Bip. Ex Wedd.) Cuatrec

The objective of the work was to study the cytotoxic effect of ent-kaurene acid derivatives obtained from Coespeletia moritziana (Sch. Bip. Ex Wedd.) Cuatrec., After analysis by GC/MS, IR and NMR. Isolating: kaurenic acid (I), grandifloric acid (II), 15-α-hydroxy kaurenic acid (III), 15 α-acetoxy-kaur 16-en-19-oic acid (IV), Kaurenol (V); and by hemisynthesis: 15,16-epoxy-17-acetoxy-kauran 19-oic acid (VI), 15-oxo-ent-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid (VIII), ester 2,3,4,6 -15-oxo-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid acetyl α-D-pyranosyl tetra-tetra (VII). Cytotoxicity was tested in human cancer cell lines: uterus (HeLa), lung (A-549), breast (MCF-7), African green monkey kidney non-tumor line (Vero) and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (CMPS). Compound (I) was active against HeLa, A-549 and Vero. Compounds (II and VIII) showed moderate and good (IC50 ≤ 9 µM) cytotoxicity, respectively, against the five cell lines. Compound (V) showed moderate activity against A-549 and compound (VII), slight cytotoxicity against HeLa and A-549. Results that show the cytotoxic specificity of the isolated kaurenes and derivatives of Coespeletia moritzianaand their therapeutic potential.

El objetivo del trabajo fue estudiar el efecto citotóxico de derivados del ácido ent-kaureno obtenidos de Coespeletia moritziana (Sch. Bip. ex Wedd.) Cuatrec., previo análisis mediante GC/MS, IR y RMN. Aislandose: ácido kaurénico(I), ácido grandiflorénico (II), ácido 15-α-hidroxi kaurénico(III), ácido 15 α-acetoxi-kaur 16-en-19-oico (IV), Kaurenol (V); y por hemisíntesis: ácido 15,16-epoxi-17-acetoxi-kauran 19-oico (VI), ácido15-oxo-ent-kaur-16-en-19-oico (VIII), éster 2,3,4,6-tetra acetil α-D-piranosilo del ácido 15-oxo-kaur-16-en-19-oico (VII). La citotóxicidad fue ensayada en líneas celulares cancerosas humanas: útero (HeLa), pulmón(A-549), mama (MCF-7), línea no tumoral de riñón de mono verde africano (Vero) y células mononucleares humanas de sangre periférica (CMPS). El compuesto (I) resultó activo frente a HeLa, A-549 y Vero. Los compuestos (II y VIII), mostraron moderada y buena (IC50≤9µM) citotoxicidad respectivamente, frente a las cinco líneas celulares. El compuesto (V) presentó moderada actividad frente a A-549 y el (VII), leve citotoxicidad frente a HeLa y A-549. Resultados que evidencian la especificidad citotóxica de los kaurenos aislados y derivados de Coespeletia moritzianay su potencial terapéutico.

A comparative evaluation of the sealing ability of two calcium silicate based sealers and a resin epoxy-based sealer through scanning electron microscopy and bond strength: an in vitro study

Aim: this study aimed to compare the sealing ability of two types of commercially available calcium silicate bioceramic based root canal sealers and a resin based root canal sealer. Methods: Twenty one single-rooted teeth were used, samples (n= 21) were randomly divided into three groups according to the sealer used (group A; ADSEAL, group B; Wellroot, group C; Ceraseal). Roots were then cleaved longitudinally in the labiolingual direction; all samples were then sectioned at three, six, and nine mm from the root tip. The penetration of sealers into the dentinal tubules was examined at 1000x with a scanning electron microscope. Data were tested for normality using Shapiro Wilk test. ANOVA test was used for analyzing normally distributed data followed by Bonferroni post hoc test for pair-wise comparison. Significance level p≤0.001. Results: groups B and C showed better sealing ability than group A in all the three sections. The coronal section showed higher sealing ability than the middle section followed by the apical section in the three tested groups. Conclusion: it can be concluded that both calcium silicate-based sealers had better sealing ability and higher bond strength than the resin epoxy- based sealer

Micro-push-out bond strength of mineral­based root canal sealer in canals with different tapers / Fuerza de unión por micro-expulsión del sellador de conductos radiculares a base de minerales en conductos con diferentes ahusamientos

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the micro-push-out bond strength of a mineral-based root canal sealer, BioRoot RCS in canals prepared by K3XF rotary systems of two different tapers. Material and Methods: Eighty caries free maxillary central incisors were used in this study. The samples were allocated into 4 groups (n=20) according to the root canal sealer and taper of the rotary instruments. The samples were obturated using single cone obturation technique. From each root 1mm thick slices at coronal, middle and apical thirds were collected using hard tissue microtome under continuous water coolant. Push-out tests were done for these sections using a Universal testing machine (INSTRON 8801) at a crosshead speed of 1mm/min. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the bond strengths within groups and Tukey's multiple post hoc analysis was used for pair-wise comparison of bond strengths. Results: AH Plus exhibited higher micro-push-out bond strength than BioRootRCS though they did not differ significantly (p>0.05). Preparation of root canals with 6% taper rotary instruments showed higher bond strength than 4% though they did not differ significantly (p>0.05). Conclusion: There was no significant difference between micro-push-out bond strength values of BioRoot RCS and AH Plus. The bond strength values were high in 6% taper canals than 4% canals though the difference was not significant statistically.

Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la fuerza de unión por micro-expulsión de un sellador de conductos radiculares de base mineral, BioRoot RCS, en conductos preparados por sistemas rotativos K3XF con dos conos diferentes. Material y Métodos: En este estudio se utilizaron 80 incisivos centrales superiores libres de caries. Las muestras se distribuyeron en cuatro grupos (n = 20) de acuerdo al sellador del conducto radicular y al cono de los instrumentos rotativos. Las muestras se obturaron mediante la técnica de obturación de un solo cono. De cada raíz se recogieron rodajas de 1 mm de grosor en los tercios coronal, medio y apical utilizando un micrótomo de tejido duro con refrigeración continua por agua. Posteriormente, se realizó una prueba de expulsión para estas secciones utilizando una máquina de prueba universal (INSTRON 8801) a una velocidad del cabezal transversal de 1mm/min. Se utilizó el análisis de varianza unidireccional (ANOVA) para comparar las resistencias de la unión dentro de los grupos y el análisis post hoc multiple de Tukey se utilizó para la comparación por pares de las resistencias de la unión. Resultados: AH Plus exhibió una fuerza de unión de micro-expulsión más alta que BioRootRCS, aunque no difirieron significativamente (p>0,05). La preparación de los conductos radiculares con instrumentos rotativos ahusados al 6% mostró una fuerza de unión superior al 4%, aunque no difirieron significativamente (p>0,05). Conclusión: No hubo diferencias significativas entre los valores de fuerza de unión de micro-expulsión de BioRoot RCS y AH Plus. Los valores de la fuerza de unión fueron más altos en canales cónicos al 6% que en canales al 4%, aunque la diferencia no fue significativa estadísticamente.

Capacidade de Adesão de Cimentos Biocerâmicos e Resinosos com a Dentina Radicular: Uma Revisão Integrativa / Adhesion capacity of bioceramic and resin-based root canal sealer to root dentin: an integrative review

Objetivo: comparar a capacidade de adesão do cimento biocerâmico EndoSequence BC e do cimento resinoso AH Plus através de uma revisão integrativa. Material e Métodos: os bancos de dados online Medline/PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science e BVS foram utilizados para a revisão da literatura. Os critérios de elegibilidade incluíram artigos disponíveis na íntegra nas bases de dados pesquisadas, em inglês, e o conteúdo referente à adesão do cimento Endosequence BC sealer em comparação ao AH Plus. Resultados: foram encontrados 45 artigos. Após a remoção duplicada, 22 artigos foram selecionados. Após a leitura dos resumos, textos completos e aplicação dos critérios de inclusão, foram incluídos no total oito artigos. Em relação à capacidade de adesão dos cimentos testados, o AH Plus apresentou melhor adesão do que o cimento BC sealer em três artigos e menor adesão em dois artigos. Força de adesão semelhante foi observada entre os grupos em três estudos. Conclusões: com base nos estudos incluídos, o AH Plus apresenta maior resistência de união quando comparado ao BC Sealer

Aim: To compare the adhesion capacity of the bioceramic EndoSequence BC sealer and the AH Plus sealer through an integrative review. Methodology: The Medline/PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and VHL online databases were used for the literature review. Eligibility criteria comprised articles available in full on the researched databases, in English, and content addressing Endosequence BC sealer adhesion compared to AH Plus sealer. Results: A total of 45 articles were found. After duplicate removal, 22 articles were selected. After reading the abstracts, full texts and applying the inclusion criteria, eight articles in total were included in the present study. Concerning the adhesion capacity of the tested cements, the AH Plus was reported as presenting better adhesion than the BC sealer in three articles, and less adhesion in two articles. Similar adherence strength was observed between groups in three studies. Conclusions: Based on the included studies, the AH Plus displays greater bond strength when compared to the BC Sealer.

External Fixation using Acrylic versus Epoxy as a Connecting bar for Repair of Compound Fracture in Goat

The study was conducted on 10 goats, aged between 10 months to 5 years, brought to T.V.C.C, Jabalpur for the treatment of compound fracture in metacarpal and tibia. The animals were selected irrespective of their age, sex, breed and body weight. The animals were randomly divided into two equal groups. In group I, external skeletal fixation using Acrylic as the connecting bar was applied whereas in group II, Epoxy putty was used as the connecting bar. Wound area at fracture site decreased significantly at 30th day as compared to 0 day. The mean radiographic score increased significantly at 30th day and was highest at 60th day. Weight bearing score improved on 15th day and complete weight bearing was observed on 12th to 30th days in all goats. Pin loosening, pin tract drainage and inflammation were observed post-operatively

Clinical effect of root canal filled epoxy resin paste on periapical periodontitis / 中国基层医药

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of root canal filled epoxy resin paste in the treatment of periapical periedontitis.Methods From January 2017 to January 2018,60 cases of periapical periodontitis in the Fourth People's Hospital of Tongxiang were selected and divided into two groups according to the random table method,with 30 cases in each group.The observation group was treated with root canal filling with epoxy resin paste,while the control group was treated with traditional root canal paste.The two groups were first examined by X ray examination before treatment,to determine the periodontal root tip condition,conventional pulp opening,root canal preparation and irrigation,and pullout.The pain effects of the two groups after 1 week of treatment were compared,and the efficacy of 6 months after treatment was compared.Results The pain level 0 in the observation group at 1 week after treatment (66.67％) was significantly higher than that in the control group (36.67％) (μ =5.41,P =0.019).The effective rate at 6 months after treatment in the observation group (90.00％) was higher than that in the control group (63.33％) (μ =5.96,P =0.013).Conclusion The root canal filling epoxy resin paste has significant clinical effect in the treatment of periapical periodontitis,and it is worthy of clinical application.

A Case of Epoxy Resin-induced Hand Eczema in a Doll Craftswoman / 대한피부과학회지

No abstract available.

A case of acute organic solvent poisoning during epoxy coating

BACKGROUND: In the construction industry, maintaining health and safety of workers often challenging. Among the workers at construction sites, painters are at particular risk of respiratory diseases and neurotoxicity. However, in Korea there is weak enforcement of workers' health and safety practices in the construction industry in Korea. Poisonings frequently occur at (semi)closed construction sites. In this study, we report a case of acute organic solvent poisoning during construction site painting. CASE PRESENTATION: A 71-year-old man was found unconscious at a construction site and immediately transferred to the emergency room. The consciousness level was 'stupor state' and the body temperature was hypothermic, at 32 degrees (Celsius). There were no acute brain or cardiac lesions that would have accounted for the faintness. In addition, blood and urine tests did not indicate a cause of loss of consciousness. He had been painting epoxy to waterproof the basement floor before fainting. According to exposure simulation, the patient was overexposed to various organic solvents, such as approximately 316–624 ppm toluene during the work before fainting. Considering the ventilation status of the workplace and the status of no protection, it is considered that exposure through the respiratory tract was considerable. CONCLUSIONS: The patient in this case lost consciousness during the epoxy coating in a semi-enclosed space. It can be judged as a result of acute poisoning caused by organic solvent exposure and considered to be highly related to work environment.

Epoxy sheet plastination on a rabbit head - new faster protocol with Biodur® E12/E1 / Plastinación de cortes con resina epoxi en una cabeza de conejo - nuevo protocolo rápido con Biodur® E12/E1

SUMMARY: Plastination is an anatomical technique of cadaveric preservation that allows the preservation of anatomical pieces indefinitely, in dry and odorless form. It was created in 1978 by Gunther von Hagens, in Heidelberg, Germany. In particular, the sheet plastination technique, with epoxy resin, allows the generation of thin sections of various anatomical regions, allowing an accurate visualization of anatomical structures of difficult access through dissection or cadaveric exploration. The aim of this work was to present a new sheet plastination protocol with Biodur® E12/E1, which is faster in its implementation, applied, for the first time, in a rabbit head.

RESUMEN: La plastinación es una técnica anatómica de preservación cadavérica que permite la conservación de piezas anatómicas indefinidamente, en forma seca e inodora. Fue creada en 1978 por Gunther von Hagens, en Heidelberg, Alemania. En particular, la técnica de plastinación de cortes, con resina epoxi, permite la generación de secciones delgadas de diversas regiones anatómicas, asegurando una visualización precisa de estructuras anatómicas de difícil acceso mediante disección o exploración de cadáveres. El objetivo de este trabajo fue presentar un nuevo protocolo de plastinación de cortes con resina Biodur® E12/E1, más rápido en su implementación, aplicada por primera vez, en una cabeza de conejo.

Bacterial leakage and micro-computed tomography evaluation in round-shaped canals obturated with bioceramic cone and sealer using matched single cone technique

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate sealing ability of root canals obturated with bioceramic-impregnated gutta percha cone (BCC) or gutta percha (GP), with bioceramic sealer (BCS) or AH Plus (AH; Dentsply-Maillefer), in roundly-prepared canals using matched single-cone technique, based on bacterial leakage test, and to analyze obturation quality using micro-computed tomography (CT) analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ninety-two distobuccal roots of maxillary molars were prepared using nickel-titanium files to apical size 40/0.06. The roots were divided into 4 groups (n = 20) that were obturated with a master cone and sealer: GP/AH, BCC/AH, GP/BCS, and BCC/BCS. Bacterial leakage model using Enterococcus faecalis was used to evaluate sealing ability for 60-day period. Obturated samples from each group (n = 4) were analyzed using micro-CT. RESULTS: All groups showed bacterial leakage at 20%–45% of samples with mean leakage times of 42–52 days. There were no significant differences in bacterial leakage among the groups. Micro-CT showed minimal gaps and voids in all groups at less than 1%. CONCLUSIONS: In roundly-prepared canals, the single cone obturation with BCC/BCS was comparable to GP/AH for bacterial leakage at 60 days.

Studies on chemical constituents from twigs and leaves of Illicium majus / 中草药

Objective: To study the chemical constituents from the twigs and leaves of Illicius majus. Methods: The compounds were isolated by column chromatography over silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, and flash chromatography coupled with preparative HPLC. The structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis including ESI-MS, 1D-NMR, and 2D-NMR. The cytotoxic activities were assessed by MTT assay. Results: Compounds 1—14 were isolated from the twigs and leaves of I. majus, and identified as 3′-methoxy-kaempferol-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (1), quercetin-3-O-arabinoside (2), kaempferol-3-O-arabinoside (3), 8′-oxo-6-hydroxy-dihydrophaseic acid (4), 4-O-methylcedrusin (5), (−)-massoniresinol (6), (7S,8R)-3,3′,5-trimethoxy-4′,7-epoxy- 8,5′-neolignan-4,9,9′-triol (7), vladinol F (8), 2,3-dihydro-2-(4′-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-3′-methoxyphenyl)-3-hydroxymethyl-7- methoxy-5-benzofuranpropanol (9), quercetin-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (10), kaempferol-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (11), vitexin (12), 3,5,7-trihydroxychromone-3-O-glucopyranoside (13), and benzyl alcohol O-β-D-glucopyranoside (14). Compounds 1—14 exhibited the cytotoxic activity against HCT-8, Bel-7402, BGC-823, and A549 with IC50 values of over 10 μmol/L, respectively. Conclusion: Compounds 1—14 are all obtained from I. majus for the first time, and compounds 2, 3, 5, 7, 8, 9, and 14 are obtained from the genus of Illicium for the first time. All compounds show no significant cytotoxic activities against HCT-8, Bel-7402, BGC-823, and A549 cancer cell.

Chemical constituents from Syneilesis aconitifolia / 中草药

Objective To study the chemical constituents from Syneilesis aconitifolia. Methods The chemical constituents were separated and purified by silica gel column chromatography and HPLC. Their structures were determined based on spectroscopic analyses. Results Nine sesquiterpenes compounds were isolated and the structures were identified as 3-angeloyloxy-8-methoxy-6,15- epoxy-eremophil-7(11)-en-12,8α-olide (1), β-selinene (2), (-)-ent-6α-methoxyeudesm-4(15)-en-1β-ol (3), 1-oxo-5α,7αH-eudesma-3- en-15-al (4), germacrane alcohol (5), oplopanone (6), 6β,8β-dimethyoxy-10β-hydroxyeremophil-7(11)-en-12,8α-olide (7), 8β,10β- dihydroxy-6β-methyoxyeremophil-7(11)-en-12,8α-olide (8), and 1β,6α-diidroxi-4(15)-eudesmeno (9). Compounds 1, 3, 5, 6, 8, and 9 were tested for their anticancer activity against uterine cancer (HeLa). Conclusion Compound 1 is a new compound, named as syneilesis lactone A. Compounds 2-5, and 7 are isolated from this plant for the first time. Compounds 1, 5, 6, 8, and 9 show inhibitory activity against HeLa.

Current research on the influence of genetic factors on warfarin maintenance dose / 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志

@#Warfarin is one of the most frequently prescribed oral anticoagulant. Many researches have shown that the genotypes have been strongly associated with warfarin maintenance doses. Especially, it has been accepted in academia that cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) and vitamin K epoxide reductase complex 1 subunit (VKORC1) could affect the warfarin maintenance doses. There are also many other genotypes that were reported to be related to warfarin doses, but the results have been in controversial so far. The studies found that the dose formula which contained the genetic factors and clinical information could accurately predict the maintenance dose of warfarin, however, its usefulness is suspected due to the inconsistent results of clinical trials. Large-sample and multi-center studies are necessary to verify the specific effects of gene and non-gene factors to warfarin dose; at the same time, testing constructed models or building new models help to improve the explained percentages of individual differences.

Effects of interleukin-34 on prostaglandin E2 expression of fibroblast-like synoviocytes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis / 中华风湿病学杂志

Objective To investigate the effects of interleukin-34 (IL-34) on prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)/cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression on fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods FLS was isolated from 6 RA patients and stimulated with IL-34 (50 ng/ml), IL-34 receptor antagonist (25 ng/ml) and IL-34 (50 ng/ml), inhibitors of signaling pathway (10 μmol/L) and IL-34 (50 ng/ml) in vitro respectively. The expression of COX-2 mRNA was detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reac-tion (RT-PCR). The level of PGE2 in the supernatant of RA FLS culture was measured by Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Statistical analysis between groups were performed by t test. Results Com-pared to unstimulated FLS, COX-2 and PGE2 expression was increased dramatically on IL-34-stimulated FLS, most evidently in 48 hours [(139±24) pg/ml vs (201±8) pg/ml, t=-6.177, P<0.01]; Moreover, the level of PGE2 was decreased when anti-IL-34 antibody was added to the IL-34-stimulated RA FLS at 24 hours, 48 hours, 72 hours [(250 ±58) pg/ml vs (100 ±28) pg/ml, t=5.742, P<0.01; (375 ±24) pg/ml vs (97 ±23) pg/ml, t=20.564, P<0.001; (357 ±21) pg/ml vs (94 ±18) pg/ml, t=22.353, P<0.01]; In the presence of SB203580 and IKK-16, PGE2 level produced by IL-34-stimulated FLS was obviously decreased [(279 ±37) pg/ml vs (63 ±17) pg/ml, t=12.806, P<0.01;(279±37) pg/ml vs (77±16) pg/ml, t=6.177, P<0.01]. Conclusion Binding of IL-34 with its receptor may promote the secretion of PGE2 via NF-κB and P38 MAPK signaling pathway in RA FLS, suggesting that it might be involved in the pathogenesis of RA.